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Master of Public Health

Continued Evidence of the Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine in Children Less than 3 Years of Age from the US New Vaccine Surveillance Network- a Multi-Site Active Surveillance Program, 2006-2016

AUTHORS

Staat MA , Payne DC , Halasa N , Weinberg GA , Donauer S , Wikswo M , McNeal M , Edwards KM , Szilagyi PG , Bernstein DI , Curns AT , Sulemana I , Esona MD , Bowen MD , Parashar UD , , . Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2020 2 15; ().

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Since 2006, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network has conducted active, population-based surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in three US counties. Trends in the epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus hospitalizations and ED visits were examined from 2006-2016.

METHODS: Children <3 years of age hospitalized or visiting the ED with AGE, were enrolled from January 2006-June 2016. Bulk stool specimens were collected and tested for rotavirus. Rotavirus-associated hospitalization and ED visit rates were calculated annually with 2006-2007 defined as pre-vaccine and 2008-2016 as post-vaccine periods. Rotavirus genotype trends were compared over time.

RESULTS: Over 11 seasons, 6954 children with AGE were enrolled and submitted a stool specimen (2187 hospitalized and 4767 in the ED). Comparing pre- and post-vaccine periods, the proportion of children with rotavirus dramatically declined for hospitalization (49% vs 10%) and ED visits (49% vs 8%). In the post-vaccine era, a biennial pattern of rotavirus rates was observed, with a trend toward an older median age. G1P[8] (63%) was the predominant genotype in the pre-vaccine period with a significantly lower proportion (7%) in the post-vaccine period (p<.001). G2P[4] remained stable (8% to 14%) in both periods, while G3P[8] and G12P[8] increased in proportion from pre-to post-vaccine periods (1% to 25% and 17% to 40%) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus has been altered by rotavirus vaccination with a biennial disease pattern, sustained low rates of rotavirus in children <3 years of age and a shift in the residual genotypes from G1P[8] to other genotypes.

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