Skip to main content

Master of Public Health

Gestational diabetes and childhood asthma in a racially diverse U.S. pregnancy cohort

AUTHORS

Adgent MA , Gebretsadik T , Reedus J , Graves C , Garrison E , Bush N , Davis R , LeWinn KZ , Tylavsky F , Carroll KN , . Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2021 4 24; ().

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Childhood asthma is a common chronic disease that likely has prenatal origins. Gestational diabetes alters maternal physiology and may influence fetal risk for childhood onset disease. However, the association between gestational diabetes and child asthma is not well characterized.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between gestational diabetes and wheeze/asthma at approximately 4 years of age in a racially diverse U.S. cohort.

METHODS: We studied mother-child dyads enrolled prenatally in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood study. Gestational diabetes was determined by medical chart review. At approximately 4 years of age, we assessed child respiratory outcomes including parent report of physician-diagnosed asthma (ever), current wheeze (symptoms within the past 12 months), and current asthma (physician diagnosis and/or medication or symptoms within the past 12 months). We used modified Poisson regression to assess associations of gestational diabetes and child respiratory outcomes, adjusting for maternal age, race, prenatal smoking, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, asthma history, socioeconomic status and infant sex.

RESULTS: Among 1,107 women, 66% were African-American/Black. Six percent (n=62) had gestational diabetes documented during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes was associated with increased risk of physician-diagnosed asthma (adjusted risk ratio (RR) [95% Confidence Interval]: 2.13 [1.35, 3.38]; prevalence: 14%), current wheeze (RR: 1.85 [1.23, 2.78]; prevalence: 19%) and current asthma (RR: 2.01 [1.30, 3.10]; prevalence: 16%).

CONCLUSIONS: Gestational diabetes was associated with increased risk of asthma and wheeze outcomes. Additional studies are needed to elucidate modifiable pathways underlying this association.

Tags: ,