Skip to main content

Master of Public Health

Rapid decline in vaccine-boosted neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

AUTHORS

Lyke KE , Atmar RL , Islas CD , Posavad CM , Szydlo D , Paul Chourdhury R , Deming ME , Eaton A , Jackson LA , Branche AR , El Sahly HM , Rostad CA , Martin JM , Johnston C , Rupp RE , Mulligan MJ , Brady RC , Frenck RW , Bäcker M , Kottkamp AC , Babu TM , Rajakumar K , Edupuganti S , Dobrzynski D , Coler RN , Archer JI , Crandon S , Zemanek JA , Brown ER , Neuzil KM , Stephens DS , Post DJ , Nayak SU , Suthar MS , Roberts PC , Beigel JH , Montefiori DC , , . Cell reports. Medicine. 2022 6 20; 3(7). 100679

ABSTRACT

The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits reduced susceptibility to vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, requiring a boost to generate protective immunity. We assess the magnitude and short-term durability of neutralizing antibodies after homologous and heterologous boosting with mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. All prime-boost combinations substantially increase the neutralization titers to Omicron, although the boosted titers decline rapidly within 2 months from the peak response compared with boosted titers against the prototypic D614G variant. Boosted Omicron neutralization titers are substantially higher for homologous mRNA vaccine boosting, and for heterologous mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccine boosting, compared with homologous Ad26.COV2.S boosting. Homologous mRNA vaccine boosting generates nearly equivalent neutralizing activity against Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 but modestly reduced neutralizing activity against BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 compared with BA.1. These results have implications for boosting requirements to protect against Omicron and future variants of SARS-CoV-2. This trial was conducted under ClincalTrials.gov: NCT04889209.

Tags: