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Master of Public Health

Prevalence and Outcomes of High versus Low Ratio Plasma to Red Blood Cell Resuscitation in a Multi-Institutional Cohort of Severely Injured Children

AUTHORS

Mehl SC , Vogel AM , Glasgow AE , Moody S , Kotagal M , Williams RF , Kayton ML , Alberto EC , Burd RS , Schroeppel TJ , Baerg JE , Munoz A , Rothstein WB , Boomer LA , Campion EM , Robinson C , Nygaard RM , Richardson CJ , Garcia DI , Streck CJ , Gaffley M , Petty JK , Greenwell C , Pandya S , Waters AM , Russell RT , Yorkgitis BK , Mull J , Pence J , Santore MT , MacArthur TA , Klinkner DB , Safford SD , Trevilian T , Cunningham M , Black C , Rea J , Spurrier RG , Jensen AR , Farr BJ , Mooney DP , Ketha B , Dassinger MS , Goldenberg-Sandau A , Roman JS , Jenkins TM , Falcone RA , Polites SF , . The journal of trauma and acute care surgery. 2024 3 18; ().

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The benefit of targeting high ratio fresh frozen plasma (FFP):red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in pediatric trauma resuscitation is unclear as existing studies are limited to patients who retrospectively met criteria for massive transfusion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of high ratio FFP:RBC transfusion and the association with outcomes in children presenting in shock.

METHODS: A post-hoc analysis of a 24-institution prospective observational study (4/2018-9/2019) of injured children <18 years with elevated age-adjusted shock index was performed. Patients transfused within 24 hours were stratified into cohorts of low (<1:2) or high (>1:2) ratio FFP:RBC. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square were used to compare characteristics and mortality. Competing risks analysis was used to compare extended (≥75th percentile) ventilator, intensive care, and hospital days while accounting for early deaths.

RESULTS: Of 135 children with median (IQR) age 10 (5,14) years and weight 40 (20,64) kg, 85 (63%) received low ratio transfusion and 50 (37%) high ratio despite similar activation of institutional massive transfusion protocols (MTP; low-38%, high-46%, p = .34). Most patients sustained blunt injuries (70%). Median injury severity score was greater in high ratio patients (low-25, high-33, p = .01); however, hospital mortality was similar (low-24%, high-20%, p = .65) as was the risk of extended ventilator, ICU, and hospital days (all p > .05).

CONCLUSION: Despite increased injury severity, patients who received a high ratio of FFP:RBC had comparable rates of mortality. These data suggest high ratio FFP:RBC resuscitation is not associated with worst outcomes in children who present in shock. MTP activation was not associated with receipt of high ratio transfusion, suggesting variability in MTP between centers.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prospective cohort study, Level II.

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