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Master of Public Health

Susceptibility to Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the United States, 2007-2016

AUTHORS

Yin S , Barker L , Ly KN , Kilmer G , Foster MA , Drobeniuc J , Jiles RB , . Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2020 3 20; ().

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite national immunization efforts, including universal childhood hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination recommendations in 2006, hepatitis A virus (HAV)-associated outbreaks have increased in the United States. Unvaccinated or previously uninfected persons are susceptible to HAV infection, yet the susceptibility in the U.S. population is not well known.

METHODS: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016 data, we estimated HAV susceptibility prevalence (total HAV antibody negative) among persons aged ≥2 years. Among U.S.-born adults aged ≥20 years, we examined prevalence, predictors, and age-adjusted trends of HAV susceptibility by sociodemographic characteristics. We assessed HAV susceptibility and self-reported non-vaccination to HepA among risk groups and the “immunization cohort” (those born in or after 2004).

RESULTS: Among U.S.-born adults aged ≥20 years, HAV susceptibility prevalence was 74.1% (95% CI: 72.9-75.3%) during 2007-2016. Predictors of HAV susceptibility were age group 30-49 years, non-Hispanic white/black, 130% above the poverty level, and no health insurance. Prevalences of HAV susceptibility and non-vaccination to HepA, respectively, were 72.9% and 73.1% among persons who reported injection drug use, 67.5% and 65.2% among men who had sex with men, 55.2% and 75.1% among persons with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, and 22.6% and 25.9% among the immunization cohort. Susceptibility and non-vaccination decreased over time among the immunization cohort, but remained stable among risk groups.

CONCLUSION: During 2007-2016, approximately three-fourths of U.S.-born adults remained HAV susceptible. Enhanced vaccination efforts are critically needed, particularly targeting adults at highest risk for HAV infection, to mitigate the current outbreaks.

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