Discoveries

Albumin Degradation in the Diabetic Kidney A major long-term complication of diabetes is kidney damage that leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN), a condition associated with considerable morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. An early sign of DN is the appearance of protein, primarily albumin, in the urine. Indeed, clinicians… Read More

Targeting Mood Disorders in Alcohol Withdrawal Mood disorders such as anxiety and depression are strongly associated with alcohol use disorder and can be exacerbated during alcohol withdrawal. In fact, the increase in anxiety and depression associated with withdrawal contributes to the likelihood of relapse and return to alcohol abuse. Read More

Exploring Maturation of Pancreatic β-cells The β-cells of the pancreatic Islets of Langerhans play a major role in glucose homeostasis through their production of insulin, and they change in their ability to release insulin in response to glucose during development. Fetal and neonatal β-cells secrete more insulin basally and… Read More

Sulfate-Iron Link to Anemia Sulfation (the addition of a sulfate group to a molecule) is an important biochemical process that aids in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds and plays a role in the biosynthesis of a variety of molecules. In mammalian cells, sulfation requires PAPS (3´-phosphoadenosine 5´-phosphosulfate), which donates… Read More

Explaining Cardiac Arrhythmia The KCNQ1 potassium channel, in complex with the KCNE1 regulatory protein, is responsible for a delayed outward flow of potassium ions during the repolarization phase of the cardiac myocyte action potential. Mutations that result in loss of function (LOF) of KCNQ1 are associated with type 1… Read More

Cholesterol’s Role in the Response to Graphene Due to its interesting array of physical and chemical properties, graphene is the focus of exciting new applications in biomedical research, drug delivery, neuroprosthetics, and tissue engineering. However, little is known about how graphene interacts with cells or its potential toxicity. Prior… Read More

Flavin-containing cofactors play an important role in many enzymatic biochemical reactions that involve electron and/or group transfer. In some, but not all flavin-containing enzymes, the cofactor is covalently bound. This is not a trivial distinction, because covalent binding alters the redox potential of the flavin, a change frequently required… Read More

Targeting Topoisomerase II Inhibitors Topoisomerases are critical enzymes during DNA replication and transcription, as they are responsible for untangling the knots and twists that can form as DNA is unwound and rewound during these processes. Type II topoisomerases accomplish this task by making a temporary double stranded break… Read More

Targeting Topoisomerase II Inhibitors Topoisomerases are critical enzymes during DNA replication and transcription, as they are responsible for untangling the knots and twists that can form as DNA is unwound and rewound during these processes. Type II topoisomerases accomplish this task by making a temporary double stranded break… Read More

Linking Cell Differentiation, Death, and Mitochondrial Function We are only now beginning to understand the complex regulatory processes that control the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), and we know even less about how the differentiation process alters the structure and function of cellular organelles. Of particular interest in… Read More