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Blocking cGAS in Autoimmunity  Cells of the innate immune system have developed multiple sensors to detect the presence of infectious agents and certain forms of cellular damage. One such sensor is the enzyme cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which responds to the presence of cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by catalyzing… Read More

Although the bacterial topoisomerases gyrase and topoisomerase IV are critical for cell function and are targets for quinolone antibacterials (such as Cipro), little is known about how these enzymes remove positive supercoils on overwound DNA. Neil Osheroff, Ph.D., and colleagues report in Nucleic Acids Research that gyrase removes positive supercoils rapidly and uses… Read More

A trio of Vanderbilt University scientists described their cutting-edge investigations of cellular dynamics and cancer treatment during last week’s Flexner Discovery Lecture: Marija Zanic, Ph.D., assistant professor of Cell and Developmental Biology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Lauren Parker Jackson, Ph.D., assistant professor of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry; and Christine Lovly, M.D.,… Read More

Tight regulation of calcium levels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – a cellular organelle with multiple functions – contributes to insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. Although ER calcium handling is perturbed in diabetes, the molecular determinants of ER calcium balance are not clear. David Jacobson, Ph.D., and colleagues have now… Read More

Unique Properties of DNA Gyrase for (+) Supercoil Processing The twisting of DNA in the same or opposite direction of the turn of the double helix gives rise to (+) or (-) supercoiling, respectively. Supercoiling exerts a strain on the helix, leading to the formation of loops, knots, and… Read More

A research symposium honoring the career of Harold (Hal) Moses, M.D., who founded and served as director emeritus of Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, has been slated for Wednesday, Oct. 11, 7:45 a.m. – 3:30 p.m., at the Vanderbilt Student Life Center. The free symposium will feature a roster of renowned cancer researchers… Read More

Too much dietary manganese — an essential trace mineral found in leafy green vegetables, fruits and nuts — promotes infection of the heart by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus(“staph”). “The human body does a wonderful job of regulating nutrient levels, and a traditional Western diet has plenty of minerals in it. The idea… Read More

Genetic Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer Metastases Despite recent progress in early diagnosis and treatment, colorectal cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with 90% of the deaths attributable to metastatic disease. We now know that cancer is largely a disease of genetic mutations and that most cancers… Read More

NAPEs, a family of lipid molecules, are produced in the intestinal tract after food intake and exert leptin-like effects: they reduce food intake and weight gain. Given their potential importance in regulating satiety and inhibiting obesity, Sean Davies, Ph.D., and colleagues are exploring NAPE action. Read More

Craig Lindsley, Ph.D., co-director of the Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, has been honored by the University of Kansas with the 2018 Edward E. Smissman Lectureshipfor his outstanding contributions to the fields of medicinal chemistry and molecular pharmacology. Read More