Discoveries

Elongating Microvilli in the Intestine Enterocyte showing Brush border and unstirred layer Author: Boumphreyfr Enterocytes, the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the intestine, develop a dense lawn of microvilli (MV) on their apical surface as they differentiate from stem cells in the intestinal crypt. We know that MV… Read More

A Path to Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) contributes to insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities frequently observed in obesity. We know that macrophages in AT play an important role in obesity-associated inflammation and that obese AT can activate proinflammatory… Read More

New Target for Treatment of Schizophrenia Although today’s antipsychotic medications provide effective relief from some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, not all symptoms are improved, and most patients suffer significant drug-related side effects. In the search for better drugs, recent attention has focused on the M4muscarinic acetylcholine receptordue to… Read More

​Methylglyoxal-Histone Adducts As the primary protein component of the nucleosome, histones play a critical role in packaging DNA and regulating chromatin dynamics. Histones contain an unusually large number of lysine and arginine residues, particularly in their N-terminal tail. These residues serve as sites of numerous enzymatically controlled post-translational… Read More

Targeting Melanoma by CXCR4 Inhibition Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is overexpressed in many kinds of cancer, both in the tumor cells themselves and in the surrounding stroma. CXCR4-mediated signaling, initiated by its endogenous ligand, CXCL12, promotes tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Hence, CXCR4… Read More

Control of Axon-Mediated Neuronal Degeneration Neuronal cell death by apoptosis plays an important role in development and the establishment of neural circuits. However, if not properly regulated, neuronal apoptosis can lead to serious neurodegenerative disease. Helping to maintain the critical balance between survival and death are the neurotrophins,… Read More

Dueling Proteins Control Replication Fork Stability A variety of cell stressors may stall the process of DNA replication, and failure to resolve the problem and resume normal progression of the replication fork may lead to DNA damage and/or even cell death. Stalling of the replication fork results in… Read More

A New Pathway for DNA Cross-Link Repair Interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are a highly toxic form of DNA damage in which the two complementary DNA strands are covalently bound together. This form of damage is difficult to repair, so animal cells have evolved the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway specifically… Read More

Dynamics of Basement Membrane Repair The basement membrane (BM) is an ancient, highly conserved structure that lies under the basal surface of epithelial cells and wraps around organs such as muscles and nerves. It provides mechanical stiffness and modulates cellular communication by interacting with signaling molecules. Although much… Read More

Organizing Microtubule Asters Microtubules (MTs) are a critical component of the cytoskeleton, playing a role in a range of processes from cell polarization to division. MTs are polymers of αβ-tubulin that grow and shrink from a rapidly changing plus-end and a more slowly changing minus-end to form two… Read More