Discoveries

In recent years, the number of complex diseases such as cancer and drug resistant infections that are treated with multiple drugs has rapidly increased. Through combining drugs, one hopes to obtain synergy either by increasing potency (so the desired effect can be achieved with lower drug doses) or increasing efficacy… Read More

Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 4.0 International License from T. E. Bass and D. Cortez, (2019) J. Cell Biol., published February 12, DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810058. Copyright 2019, Bass & Cortez. ATR (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related) is a kinase well known for its role in the DNA damage… Read More

Micrograph of an adult mouse pancreatic islet with immunofluorescence staining for (A) glucagon (α cells, blue), insulin (β cells, red), and somatostatin (δ cells, green). The high pinkish background tissues are mostly acinar and duct cells. Image kindly provided by Guoquiang Gu. Copyright 2019. The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are… Read More

Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 4.0 International License from S. Lee et al., (2019) J. Cell Biol., published January 4, DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201712144. Copyright 2019 S. Lee, et al. One mechanism that cells use to modulate the activity of plasma membrane proteins is to remove them from… Read More

Scaffolding proteins serve as sites of binding and organization for the multiple components involved in many signaling pathways. Scaffolding promotes key protein-protein interactions and can substantially amplify a signal; however, if proteins are bound too tightly to a scaffold, signal propagation may actually be hindered. The precise mechanisms that regulate… Read More

Exocytic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane (PM) through the action of SNARE proteins, which in turn, are delivered to the vesicles by multisubunit protein tethering complexes. One such complex is the exocyst, comprising two tetrameric subcomplexes, SC1 (composed of SEC3, SEC5, SEC6, and SEC8) and SC2 (composed of SEC10,… Read More

Figure reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license from A. M. Fenix, et al. (2018) eLife, published December 12, DOI: 10.7554/eLife.42144. The sarcomere is a repeating unit of interdigitating actin and myosin filaments that serves as the building blocks of the myofibrils in striated muscle cells. Sarcomeres are demarcated… Read More

In DNA, abasic sites (apurinic/apyrimidinic or AP sites) occur through spontaneous hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond that joins the base to the deoxyribose ring (a common reaction following formation of some kinds of DNA adducts) or through the action of DNA glycosylases during repair of damaged bases. In double-stranded DNA,… Read More

Figure courtesy of A.R. Greenplate. Copyright 2018. Cytomics, the “omics” of cell identity, offers the opportunity to systematically identify all cells in a tissue or patient sample, and the recent advent of high-dimensional flow and mass cytometry to the cytomics arsenal has markedly increased its power. Cytomics is particularly valuable… Read More

Over 27 million people in the United States are living with type 2 (adult onset) diabetes. In most cases, type 2 diabetes results from a mixture of multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, in a small subgroup of patients, mutation of a single gene leads to the form of type… Read More